delta city | 三角洲之城

Format | 形式: Research at Harvard Graduate School of Design, Boston, USA | 美國哈佛設計學院設計研究
Year | 年份: 2011
Type | 類型: urban masterplan | 城市設計
Size | 規模: 5 sqkm | 5 平方公里
Location | 地點: Willets Point, Queens, New York, USA | 美國，紐約，國王區

Exhibited at | 展覽: 2012 Rotterdam Architecture Biennale, Netherlands | 2012年荷蘭鹿特丹雙年展

Willets Point in Flushing, Queens, New York is a heavily urbanized estuary whose ecological conditions have been subject to a serious degradation over the past century. It is also a relatively low and flat site, thus vulnerable to 100-years flooding.

位于紐約皇后區法拉盛的Willets Point是一個高密度的城市街區，這一河口地帶的生態環境從上世紀以來不斷地受到工業污染等嚴重損害。同時，這里地勢低洼平坦，一直面臨洪水的威脅。

This project takes the current pressure for urban redevelopment as an opportunity to propose an innovative infrastructural framework for the site, exploring new urban typologies that are driven by ecological and environmental dynamics.

該項目以舊城改造為契機，試圖為該地段提出一種創新的基礎設施系統，試圖從生態和環境?；さ墓勰畛齜⑻岢魴碌慕ㄖ途骯凵杓?。

The current coastline, generated by a bulkhead of highly engineered seawalls marks a clear differentiation between water and land that rejects any form of tidal dynamics. In our project this existing infrastructure is substituted by a more resilient land-water interface that can gradually recover a healthy estuary ecology.

現有海岸線是一個堅實的混凝土人工海堤，將海與城市明顯分界，完全將潮汐擋在其外。我們提出了一個更親水、更生態的海岸線方案，以便恢復三角洲區域的健康生態系統。

A series of tidal channels mitigates the flooding risk by releasing flood water to adjacent water bodies and green spaces during extreme storm events. The new channels structure and divide the site into a series of islands. Various buffer zones along the streams generate different types of urban open spaces and work as flood plains during the fluvial processes. Meanwhile, a system of storm water wetlands located upland delays the surface water runoff and treats the storm water before conveying it to the estuary bay.

一系列的潮汐通道構成一個抗洪系統，在洪水爆發時能有效地將洪水疏散至周邊的水體和綠地，以?；じ咼芏鵲某喬?。這個水系統同時形成一系列的島嶼，沿河的不同緩沖區域產生不同的公共綠地，并在降雨的過程中作為泄洪區。這與濕地系統一同減緩地表徑流的疏散過程，還具有治理水污染及改善生態環境的功能。

The concept of “living with flooding” is explored as an alternative model of inhabiting this problematic, fragile and complex ecological context. A strategy of vertical zoning is developed through a series of elevational relationships, intentionally allowing some areas (mostly parking, and open spaces) to be occasionally flooded during storm events, in order to prioritize the protection of the zones with denser urban development or strategic programmatic importance.

“與洪水同住”設計概念是對這個問題眾多、復雜而脆弱的地段的積極回應。我們通過一系列的標高關系開展了縱向分區的策略，有意識的允許一些區域（主要是停車場，公共綠地等）暫時被洪水淹沒，以此實現對于高密度城市化地區或戰略性功能地區的重點?；?。

The water system is also the key driver for the creation of a new network of open spaces, pedestrian paths and built volumes, triggering the emergence of new housing typologies, with innovative streetscapes and building–landscape relationships. Various modules and distributions of storm water wetlands create urban blocks of different sizes and a branching water network provides continuous pedestrian paths through all the open spaces. Punctual earthwork provides the site with a new micro-topography that collects and distribute storm water, while creating unique spatial conditions.

水系統也對公共空間網絡、步行網絡和建筑形態的重塑起到主導的影響，通過對建筑類型和街道的設計，建筑與景觀之間在平面和剖面上都產生了有趣豐富的關系。此外，多樣的濕地模數與分布幫助組織不同建筑組群，水系統的支流能提供貫穿所有公共空間的連續步道系統。對地形的調整本著最小化土方移動的原則，巧妙的利用局部微地形組織地表徑流，形成獨特有趣的空間體驗。

These new features not only reactivate the estuary ecologies but also contribute to strengthen the local identity of the site, increasing its land value. In this way, the project generates a synergy between economy and ecology, so often conflicting with each other in the global context of environmental degradation and speculative urbanization.

方案中的各系統不僅幫助激活三角洲地區的生態，還突出了場地的地方特質，提高了土地價值。它試圖調解城市發展和生態?；ふ飪此蘋ハ嘍粵⒌牧椒矯?，將經濟因素和生態因素一同納入到城市規劃的考慮中來，探索了一種整合、共生以及雙贏的城市發展模式。